Related Document: A Patient's Guide to Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Rehabilitation What should I expect after treatment? Nonsurgical Rehabilitation For acute back pain, you may be prescribed two to four weeks of physical therapy. Facet Joint Injection: When the problem is thought to be in the facet joints, an injection into one or more facet joints can help determine which joints are causing the problem and ease the pain as well
The Facial Nerve (CN VII) - TeachMeAnatomy
Within the parotid gland, the nerve terminates by splitting into five branches: Temporal branch Zygomatic branch Buccal branch Marginal mandibular branch Cervical branch These branches are responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression. It begins as two roots; a large motor root, and a small sensory root (the part of the facial nerve that arises from the sensory root is sometimes known as the intermediate nerve)
Anatomy and localization of spinal cord disorders
For more information or to purchase a personal subscription, click below on the option that best describes you: Medical Professional or Student Hospital or Institution Group Practices Patient or Caregiver Literature review current through: Jun 2015. As a result, knowledge of spinal cord anatomy and recognition of typical common spinal cord syndromes are useful in the evaluation of a patient with a myelopathy and can allow for a more directed diagnostic evaluation.The anatomy of the spinal cord and its vascular supply and clinical features of common spinal cord syndromes will be reviewed here
To put it another way, when a person has a pinched nerve in the neck, localized pain can develop, as well as discomfort that travels along the length of the affected nerve, along with numbness and tingling in the fingertips, muscle weakness in the upper body and other similar symptoms. This nerve is the longest and thickest in the body, extending from the base of the spinal cord downward through the body, and is absolutely essential for regular lower body movement
Neurosurgical Consultants: Spine Disorders: Degenerative Spine Conditions: Herniated Lumbar Disc
In our experience most patients undergoing these Minimally Invasive Decompressive Procedures for Spinal Stenosis are able to leave the hospital either the same day or the morning following surgery. Figure 1: Diagrams of the Lumbar Spine The Role of the Lumbar Facet Joints Facet Joints (See Figure 1), as part of the Spinal Column's weight bearing mechanism, are particularly subject to vertical pressure as they participate in the "weight bearing" function of the Spinal Column
Cervical Spine Surgery - Anatomy, Cervical Spine Conditions, and Surgery Techniques
The main restabilization surgical techniques are: Fusion: Fusion is the bonding together of bones, usually with the aid of bone graft or a biological substance. The first vertebra, C1, is also called the atlas because it joins with the base of the skull and supports the head (just as Atlas supported the weight of the world in Greek mythology)
Information About Spinal Stenosis
When spinal stenosis does occur in younger patients, it is often related to traumatic injury to the spinal column.Causes of StenosisSpinal stenosis may be caused by a wide variety of conditions, all of which lead to a narrowing of the spinal canal. The most common symptoms are:pain, numbness, tingling, andweakness.If the area of narrowing of the spine is in the cervical (neck) region, the symptoms are felt in the arms, and if the area of narrowing is in the lumbar (low back) the symptoms are felt in the legs.Other symptoms may occur as a result of spinal stenosis
Returning to ordinary daily activities In general, patients are able to perform the majority of daily activities within two to three weeks after surgery. Similar conditions Spinal stenosis usually does not cause back or neck pain, although these symptoms may be associated with the condition, depending on the cause
Spinal stenosis, Lumbar Stenosis, Cervical Stenosis, Spinal Decompression Surgery
Down the middle of each vertebra is a hollow space called the spinal canal that contains the spinal cord, spinal nerves, ligaments, fat, and blood vessels. In a stenotic vertebra, bone spurs, enlarged facet joints and a bulging disc constrict the nerve root canals causing compression and entrapment of the spinal nerves; also called lateral or foraminal stenosis
Low Back Pain Sciatica Slipped Disc Pinched Nerve
The main reason that lactic acid builds up inside the muscle cells is that when the muscles contract, the small blood vessels traveling through the muscles are pinched off (just like a tube pinched between your thumb and finger). Signals that there may be problems include: evidence of bleeding, an increase in white blood cells (infection fighting cells, dead cells are "pus"), an increase in protein level, or inflammation
The Pelvis and the Skull Although not typically viewed as part of the spine, the pelvis and the skull are anatomic structures that closely inter-relate with the spine, and have a significant impact on the patient's balance. Inside each vertebra is cancellous bone, which is weaker than cortical bone and consists of loosely knit structures that look somewhat like a honeycomb
Cerebrospinal fluid is in the subarachnoid space that lies between the arachnoid and pia mater and in the central canal, a space in the middle of the gray matter of the cord. For example, if you touch a hot burner on the stove, sensory information about the temperature of the burner travels along spinal nerves to your spinal cord and are carried directly to their motor nuclei by interneurons; the motor command goes out along the axons of the lower motor neuron causing you to move your hand away from the stove
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerve Roots
The S1 nerve root also supplies innervation for the ankle jerk (tap on the achilles tendon and the foot goes down), and a loss of this reflex indicates S1 impingement, although it does not create loss of function. After the spinal cord stops in the lower thoracic spine, the nerve roots from the lumbar and sacral levels come off the bottom of the cord like a "horse's tail" (cauda equina) and exit the spine (view the spinal nerve roots with Figure 1)
Lamina VII is equivalent to the intermediate zone and acts as a relay between muscle spindle to midbrain and cerebellum, and laminae VIII-IX comprise the ventral horn and contain mainly motor neurons. These cells are located at all levels of the spinal cord and are grouped into three main categories: root cells, column or tract cells and propriospinal cells
The most common thoracic spinal cord injury involves T11 and T12.Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 to L5)Lumbar nerves (L1 to L5) injuries generally result in some loss of function in the hips and legs. These alae articulate with the blades of the pelvis (ilium).As part of the pelvic girdle, the sacrum forms the back wall of the pelvis and also forms joints at the hip bone called the sacroiliac joints
How are repeated attacks treated? Repeated attacks or enduring symptoms need more radical treatment and these may be grouped in to three treatment pathways; Conservative Therapy, Conventional Open Surgery and Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery. How is the first attack treated? The major symptoms arising from the first attack generally settle down over the first 6 weeks and half of the remainder will generally settle down over the following 6 weeks
Spinal Cord Injury: Hope Through Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Sacral spinal nerves (S1 to S5) emerge from the spinal cord in the low back and control signals to the thighs and lower parts of the legs, the feet, most of the external genital organs, and the area around the anus. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history
Spinal Cord Anatomy
The anatomy of the spinal cord itself, consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the body, back to and from the brain. The spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae
In most individuals, the fibers of the annulus fibrosus effectively resist this load, but in some people they do not and the nucleus pulposus is forced out of the disc, or is herniated. This change in structure of the posterior longitudinal ligament is part of the reason that the overwhelming majority of disc herniations occur posteriorly in the lumbar region
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