Importantly, the authors demonstrate the clinical relevance of this association, showing that neutrophil infiltration has an independent prognostic value for human melanoma. By using a zebrafish melanoma model, the authors reveal that neutrophils recruited at the wound site directly interact with cells undergoing oncogenic transformation and provide them with a paracrine proliferative support
Glossary of Terms: C
Some scientists believe higher concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will result in an enhancement of the greenhouse effect and global warming. Rain is usually the precipitation type that is formed, and in most cases this moisture is delivered in large amounts over short periods of time in extremely localized areas
Transcribe and Translate a Gene
Then try it out yourself in the activity above! Funding provided by grant 51006109 from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Precollege Science Education Initiative for Biomedical Research
Carbon is the fundamental building block of all the organic compounds needed by living things, including nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins and fats. For example, Neisseria meningitidis ferments glucose and maltose, but not sucrose and lactose, while Neisseria gonorrhoea ferments glucose, but not maltose, sucrose or lactose
Chem4Kids.com: Biochemistry: Carbohydrates
You know that shirt you're wearing? If it is made of cotton, that's cellulose, too! There can be thousands of glucose subunits in one large molecule of cellulose
The Daily Lipid: Where Do Most AGEs Come From? O Glycation, How Thy Name Hast Deceived Me!
We should note here that since oxidative stress depletes glutathione, these findings suggest that promoting our antioxidant defense system is important to defending ourselves against the ravages of AGEs, and that since this whole process occurs within the cell, this constitutes further evidence that most of the action is happening intracellularly. I have not studied HbA1c extensively, but my understanding is that it is affected by three main factors: 1) RBC turnover, 2) total blood glucose exposure, and 3) fructosamine 3-kinase (F-3K) activity
The Cell Cycle
By studying molecular events in cells, scientists have determined that interphase can be divided into 4 steps: Gap 0 (G0), Gap 1 (G1), S (synthesis) phase, Gap 2 (G2). (Click on the Checkpoints animation, above.) S Phase: To produce two similar daughter cells, the complete DNA instructions in the cell must be duplicated
DNA Replication All Wound Up Protein Synthesis Glossary Related People and Discoveries entries Francis Crick Rosalind Franklin Drugs developed for leukemia (relevant research) Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA Amino acids are created in laboratory If you are having trouble accessing the DNA Workshop activity, try the non-Javascript version
Biology4Kids.com: Cell Structure: Cell Membrane
Because the tails want to avoid water, they tend to stick to each other and let the heads face the watery (aqueous) areas inside and outside of the cell. While we talk about membranes all the time, you should remember they all use a basic phospholipid bilayer structure, but you will find many variations throughout the cell
Molecules of Inheritance
explore Anatomy of a Gene Introns, exons, and regulatory sequences: Examine the parts of a gene from "start" to "stop." explore Things You May Not KNow About DNA Put an end to these common misconceptions about DNA and Heredity. interactive explore Transcribe and Translate a Gene See how cells "read" the information in a DNA sequence to build a protein, then build one yourself! explore What makes a firefly glow? Walk through protein synthesis with this animated example
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Xenobiotic metabolism a series of enzymatic reactions that convert a foreign chemical compound into an inert substance that can be safely excreted from the body. HDL-cholesterol is considered "good cholesterol," because higher blood levels of HDL-cholesterol are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease
The central core of this molecule, consisting of four fused rings, is shared by all steroids, including estrogen (estradiol), progesterone, corticosteroids such as cortisol (cortisone), aldosterone, testosterone, and Vitamin D. Phospholipids Lecithin Phospholipids are made from glycerol, two fatty acids, and (in place of the third fatty acid) a phosphate group with some other molecule attached to its other end
Fatty Acid, Triglyceride, Phospholipid Synthesis and Metabolism
The NAD+-dependent mitochondrial enzyme is called malic enzyme 2 and is encoded by the ME2 gene located on chromosome 18q21 and is composed of 16 exons that generate two isoforms from alternatively spliced mRNAs. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the PAP1 gene was identified as Smp2p and the encoded protein was shown to be the yeast ortholog of the mammalian protein called lipin-1
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